Platforms: TOPEX/POSEIDON

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In those 13 years, it:
In those 13 years, it:
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    Measured sea levels with unprecedented accuracy to better than 5 cm
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* Measured sea levels with unprecedented accuracy to better than 5 cm
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    Continuously observed global ocean topography
+
* Continuously observed global ocean topography
-
    Monitored effects of currents on global climate change and produced the first global views of seasonal changes of currents
+
* Monitored effects of currents on global climate change and produced the first global views of seasonal changes of currents
-
    Monitored large-scale ocean features like Rossby and Kelvin waves and studied such phenomena as El Nino, La Nina, and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation
+
* Monitored large-scale ocean features like Rossby and Kelvin waves and studied such phenomena as El Nino, La Nina, and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation
-
    Mapped basin-wide current variations and provided global data to validate models of ocean circulation
+
* Mapped basin-wide current variations and provided global data to validate models of ocean circulation
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    Mapped year-to-year changes in heat stored in the upper ocean
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* Mapped year-to-year changes in heat stored in the upper ocean
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    Produced the most accurate global maps of tides ever
+
* Produced the most accurate global maps of tides ever
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    Improved our knowledge of Earth's gravity field
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* Improved our knowledge of Earth's gravity field
== Спутник ==
== Спутник ==
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Revision as of 13:47, 3 December 2012

Launched in 1992, TOPEX/Poseidon is a joint venture between CNES and NASA that measured ocean surface topography to an accuracy of 4.2 cm, enabled scientists to forecast the 1997-1998 El Nino, and improved understanding of ocean circulation and its effect of global climate. While a 3-year prime mission was planned, with a 5-year store of expendables, TOPEX/Poseidon delivered an astonishing 13+ years of data from orbit. The mission ended in January 2006.

In those 13 years, it:

  • Measured sea levels with unprecedented accuracy to better than 5 cm
  • Continuously observed global ocean topography
  • Monitored effects of currents on global climate change and produced the first global views of seasonal changes of currents
  • Monitored large-scale ocean features like Rossby and Kelvin waves and studied such phenomena as El Nino, La Nina, and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation
  • Mapped basin-wide current variations and provided global data to validate models of ocean circulation
  • Mapped year-to-year changes in heat stored in the upper ocean
  • Produced the most accurate global maps of tides ever
  • Improved our knowledge of Earth's gravity field

Спутник

Objectives

  • Three-year global view of Earth's oceans
  • Improved understanding of ocean currents
  • Improved forecasting of global climate

Mission

  • Joint NASA-CNES program
  • Launched August 10, 1992
  • Launch Vehicle: Arianespace's Ariane 42P
  • Launch Site: Centre Spatial Guyanais, Kourou, French Guiana
  • Operations for 3-year prime mission, 6-year extended: JPL
  • Orbit: 1336-km, circular, 66° inclination
  • 10-day repeat of ground track (±1-km accuracy)
  • Covers 95% of ice-free oceans every 10-days

Spacecraft

  • Based on Fairchild's Multi-Mission Spacecraft bus
  • Total mass: 2402 kg (5296 lbs)
  • Single solar panel provides 3.4 kW of power
  • 1.2 m (4 foot) high-gain antenna communicates through TDRSS
  • Reaction wheels and torque rods maintain 3-axis stabilization and nadir pointing
  • Hydrazine propellant system provides orbital maintenance

Payload/Sensors

  • NASA dual-frequency (C- and Ku-band) altimeter and CNES single-frequency (Ku-band) solid-state altimeter measures height above sea
  • NASA microwave radiometer measures water vapor along altimeter path to correct for pulse delay
  • NASA Global Positioning System demonstration receiver provides precise orbit ephemeris data
  • NASA laser retroreflector array works with ground stations to track satellite and calibrate and verify altimeter measurements.
  • CNES DORIS Doppler tracking antenna receives ground signals for precise orbit determination, satellite tracking, and ionospheric correction data for CNES altimeter

Data

  • Sea-level measurement accuracy 4.2 cm (1.7 inch)
  • Data coverage global between 66°N and 66°S latitude
  • Data availability through NASA/JPL and CNES

Результат

File:Wet.jpg
300px
 This plot shows the mean wet troposphere correction during cycle 30 of the Topex/Poseidon mission, i.e. during the 10-day interval starting 7 July 1993. The mean correction during this time period was 156 mm, the maximum 454 mm, the minimum 0 mm.

Источники

Описание: http://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/topex/
Изображения: http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/topex-poseidon.htm, http://iliad.gsfc.nasa.gov/opf/algorithms/wet_topex.html, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOPEX/Poseidon
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